House Oversight — DOJ production
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Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page1of 43 Exhibit A DOJ-OGR- 00005868 Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 2 of 43 Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23:957-976, 2014 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC : Routledge ISSN: 1053-8712 print/1547-0679 online DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2014.960632 Taylor & Francis Group: The Construct of Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse: Conceptual and Measurement Issues NATALIE BENNETT and WILLIAM O’DONOHUE University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada, USA There bave been claims that some child molesters engage in a “seduction stage” prior to committing abuse. These behaviors, com- monly known as “grooming,” are understood as methods child molesters use to gain access to and prepare future victims to be com- pliant with abuse. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding exactly what this process entails and how it is clearly distinguished from normal adult-child interactions. It is important to devise an accurate definition of grooming for scientific, clinical, and forensic purposes. We critically evaluate the various definitions and reveal problematic heterogeneity. Furthermore, there are no methods of known psychometrics to validly assess grooming. We review the empirical literature regarding the occurrence of grooming and propose future directions for research. KEYWORDS grooming, child sexual abuse, measurement Understanding the process of child sexual abuse (CSA) is important for both its prevention and treatment. Some clinicians and researchers (e.g., Budin & Johnson, 1989; Burgess & Holmstrom, 1980; Conte, Wolf, & Smith, 1989; Elliott, Browne, & Kilcoyne, 1995) agree that a type of seduction stage, commonly called “grooming” but also variously known as “entrapment,” “engagement,” or “subjection” often precedes the actual sexual abuse. Offenders have admitted that they use techniques such as identifying a par- ticularly vulnerable child, gift giving, and sexual desensitization to prepare the chi […]